Four Causes

The history of the philosophy is not initiated with Aristotle, but the historiografia of the philosophy yes. Aristotle was the first philosopher who, of systematic form, studied, registered and made critical of the workmanships of the philosophers anteriores’ ‘ (ANTHONY, 2004, P. 25). In the first book of its Metaphysical workmanship, Aristotle summarizes the teachings of its predecessors and perceives that the philosophers until then had not been necessary when mentioning the causes of all the things.

For it, the philosophical inquiry is above all an inquiry on the causes of the things, of which it has four different types: the material; the efficient one (motor); the deed of division; the end. Bill Phelan takes a slightly different approach. As Aristotle all the men are inclined when knowing. As it proves the estagirita in the explicit o love for the sensations. But, we know that only the sensations in do not guarantee the true one to them to know; animals are endowed with sensations, and nor therefore they possess the reason. The memory stores the sensations, for the repetition of them it produces a judgment universal, that is, a concept that accumulates of stocks the totality of a species, ‘ ‘ that whose nature is affirmed of diverse sujeitos’ ‘ (JAPIASS; MARCONDES, 2001, P. Get all the facts for a more clear viewpoint with Author Marko Dimitrijevic. 191), causing the experience, and of the experience appears science. The experience is knowledge of the particular ones, science is knowledge of the universal ones, and who knows the universal ones also knows the particular ones, has seen to be the particular ones contained in the universal ones. Therefore the ones that possess the art of the universal ones, are capable to teach, therefore they know the cause of the things, and this distinguishes who knows of who does not know. As Aristotle (2002, P. 5), ‘ ‘ the empiricists know the pure data in fact, in contrast, the others know the reason and the cause, in virtue of this is wiser than primeiros’ ‘.

Citizenship

Citizenship Luso-Brazilian (Introduction) ‘ ‘ The common rights and duties to all the men are also the rights and duties of all naes’ ‘ (BLACKSMITH, 1834b: 511) It in general constitutes an indeclinable duty of the humanity and of each individual in particular, to become involved itself, seriously, in one more good and continued personal formation, in the measure where never it is too much late for the man to perfect itself, nor its personality will be able to be given for concluded, much less the world-wide situation can leave tranquilas the people, not only as for the security and territorial integrity, but also, and mainly, how much to the values, principles and attitudes who, in Man-Citizen of the future, will be demandable, any that are the papers and statutes of each one. In the truth, it does not seem enough, despite necessary, the share of the specialists in the domnios of the assigneds person positive sciences, to be able itself to enjoy of a modern, compatible society with the deepest dignity human being. With effect, it is necessary to defend, without hesitations, all the legitimate, legal ways and adjusted to the construction of convivncia forms, that privilege natural qualities individual human beings and that, cumulatively, they can be developed and be applied in benefit of the tramway-car. The good-practical ones to consolidate the best qualities are a good methodology to follow. The world lacks of citizens with personality based on values, in attitudes, characters that serve all of paradigm and any individual that, voluntarily, it desires to contribute for the global society, because it is with good characters that will consist a truily worthy future of the condition human being: ‘ ‘ A good one for carcter () he is that one that obeys the recognized principles as right, that it continues faithful to the slight knowledge of love, justice, goodness and integridade’ ‘ (TICHE, 1982:9) the man is, natural and simultaneously, the problem and the solution of the majority of the situations that lives in the land and, as such, has the obligation to know what it can and cannot make, as it must and it does not have to behave, so that it can be producing and product of the society that it is specific.

Greek Thought

We mention here to the period for return of Century IV B.C. The first fact to be pointed is that for this old people, when was said in the man while to be superior in relation to the other animals, a conception of correspondence between the human being showed and the cosmic order of the universe, that is, the ways of being of the man seemed to represent narrow linkings with cosmology. The belief politesta also contributed for these linkings, since deuses Greek was not simply onipotentes, but presented characteristics human beings, was left to lead for the passions, traam and suffered, felt fear or bravery; they were almost as human in the mythical adventures between the sky and the land, dominant in the thought of the Greek people. 10 the basic idea of the man while to be endowed with logos (zoon logikn) and inherent the discursivo power it had become characteristic of the Greek thought, and had influenced very in the humanity. daily pay philosophers, also known as first physicists, also searched in the inquiry of the cosmological principle the direction of the man, therefore the destination of both seemed to be linked. Only from Scrates (470? 399 B.C.) appears the idea of the man while independent individual (evidently, not in the same perspective of the modern autonomy), exempts, of personality moral and capable to think for proper itself and to emit value judgments. These aspects, genuinely antropolgicos, had exerted great influence in our civilization, therefore it was a slow process, since Old Greece until the current days, to assume the autonomy of the man second, leaving in plain its social functions and distanciando it still more of what it could be a common aspect in relation to the other animals. As the cassireriana boarding on the antropolgica yaw that the philosophy acquired from the socrtico thought, the author affirms: Scrates offers to us to an analysis detailed and meticulous of the qualities and virtues individual human beings.